ASTM D828: Tensile Properties of Paper & Paperboard

ASTM D828: Tensile Testing of Paper and Paperboard in Malaysia

ASTM D828 is one of the many ASTM standards widely used across industries. ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) is an international standards organization based in the United States. Its primary purpose is to establish technical standard agreements for various materials, products, systems, and more.

Overview of ASTM D828

ASTM D828 is an international test standard designed to evaluate the tensile properties of paper and paperboard. This test method is intended for use with constant-rate-of-elongation tensile testing equipment, applicable to both vertically and horizontally operated instruments—whether manual or computer-controlled. It is suitable for testing various types of paper, paperboard, and related materials but is not applicable for combined corrugated board.

Test Specimens & Grip Types

Specimens:

  • Paper and paperboard

Grip Options:

  1. Mechanical Vise Grips
    • These screw-action or manually operated vice-style grips provide a simple, effective, and cost-efficient solution for gripping test specimens.
    • They feature interchangeable dual-acting jaw faces to accommodate various specimen thicknesses.
  2. Pneumatic Grips
    • Adjustable to offset jaw faces, ensuring proper centering of the lap joint.
    • Quick-change jaw faces make it easy to adapt for different materials.

Recommended UTM Machines

For ASTM D828 testing, we recommend Universal Testing Machines (UTM) with a capacity between 50N and 2kN, depending on the specimen’s strength. Smaller machines, such as single-column or dual-column floor types, are ideal due to the low forces involved. A 500N load cell is generally the maximum recommended for this test standard.

Recommended Machine: VEW 260E

Single Column Computer-Controlled Universal Testing Machine
The VEW 260E is a desktop computer servo testing machine that integrates advanced electronic technology with mechanical transmission. It offers precise load speeds and force measurement while maintaining high accuracy and sensitivity in displacement control.

Key Features:

  • Single-space structure with operational space at the bottom.
  • Suitable for testing both non-metallic and metallic materials with loads under 1kN.
  • Capable of evaluating stress, strain, displacement control, tensile strength, bending strength, compressive strength, elastic modulus, elongation rate, yield strength, and more.

Applications:

This machine can perform mechanical tests such as tension, compression, tear, and peel (90° and 180°) on various materials, including:

  • Rubber, tires, belts, shoes, plastics, films, acrylic, FRP, ABS, EVA, PU
  • Aluminum-plastic pipes, composites, waterproof materials, fibers, textiles, wire & cable, paper, gold foil, ribbons, threads, springs, wood, medical packaging, and tapes

Test Procedure

  1. Prepare & Condition Specimens – Follow the test standard’s dimension and conditioning guidelines.
  2. Insert Specimen into Grips – Ensure proper alignment with the applied force. An alignment jig may be helpful.
  3. Adjust Grip Pressure – The clamping pressure can significantly impact test results. Trials may be necessary to determine optimal grip pressure. Pneumatic grips with adjustable settings provide greater repeatability.
  4. Apply Load at a Constant Rate – Maintain the separation rate as defined in the standard.
  5. Continue Until Specimen Failure – Ensure that the specimen does not slip within the jaws or break inside the clamping area.

Measured Parameters

Tensile Energy Absorption

Tensile Strength at Rupture

Elongation at Rupture

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